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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2006, p. 6584-6592, Vol. 72, No. 10
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00954-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Occurrence of sep Insecticidal Toxin Complex Genes in Serratia spp. and Yersinia frederiksenii

Steven J. Dodd,1 Mark R. H. Hurst,1* Travis R. Glare,1 Maureen O'Callaghan,1 and Clive W. Ronson2

Biocontrol and Biosecurity, AgResearch, P.O. Box 60, Lincoln,1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand2

Received 21 April 2006/ Accepted 30 July 2006

Some strains of Serratia entomophila and S. proteamaculans cause amber disease of the grass grub Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Three genes required for virulence, sepABC, are located on a large plasmid, pADAP. Sequence analysis suggests that the sepABC gene cluster may be part of a horizontally mobile region. This study presents evidence for the putative mobility of the sep genes of pADAP. Southern blot analysis showed that orthologues of the sep genes reside on plasmids within S. entomophila, S. liquefaciens, S. proteamaculans, and a plasmid from Yersinia frederiksenii. Three plasmids hybridized to the pADAP sep virulence-associated region but not the pADAP replication and conjugation regions. Subsequent DNA sequence analysis of the Y. frederiksenii sep-like genes, designated tcYF1 and tcYF2, showed that they had 88% and 87% DNA identity to sepA and sepB, respectively. These results indicate that the sep genes are part of a discrete horizontally mobile region.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: AgResearch, P.O. Box 60, Lincoln, New Zealand. Phone: 64 3 3259985. Fax: 64 3 3259946. E-mail: mark.hurst{at}agresearch.co.nz.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2006, p. 6584-6592, Vol. 72, No. 10
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00954-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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