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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2006, p. 7620-7625, Vol. 72, No. 12
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01911-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Comparative Effects of Osmotic, Sodium Nitrite-Induced, and pH-Induced Stress on Growth and Survival of Clostridium perfringens Type A Isolates Carrying Chromosomal or Plasmid-Borne Enterotoxin Genes{triangledown}

Jihong Li and Bruce A. McClane*

Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261

Received 10 August 2006/ Accepted 26 September 2006

About 1 to 2% of Clostridium perfringens isolates carry the enterotoxin gene (cpe) necessary for causing C. perfringens type A food poisoning. While the cpe gene can be either chromosomal or plasmid borne, food poisoning isolates usually carry a chromosomal cpe gene. Previous studies have linked this association between chromosomal cpe isolates (i.e., C-cpe isolates) and food poisoning, at least in part, to both the spores and vegetative cells of C-cpe isolates being particularly resistant to high and low temperatures. The current study now reveals that the resistance phenotype of C-cpe isolates extends beyond temperature resistance to also include, for both vegetative cells and spores, enhanced resistance to osmotic stress (from NaCl) and nitrites. However, by omitting one outlier isolate, no significant differences in pH sensitivity were detected between the spores or vegetative cells of C-cpe isolates versus isolates carrying a plasmid-borne cpe gene. These results indicate that both vegetative cells and spores of C-cpe isolates are unusually resistant to several food preservation approaches in addition to temperature extremes. The broad-spectrum nature of the C-cpe resistance phenotype suggests these bacteria may employ multiple mechanisms to persist and grow in foods prior to their transmission to humans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: E1240 BST, Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. Phone: (412) 648-9022. Fax: (412) 624-1401. E-mail: bamcc{at}pitt.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 13 October 2006.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2006, p. 7620-7625, Vol. 72, No. 12
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01911-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Paredes-Sabja, D., Udompijitkul, P., Sarker, M. R. (2009). Inorganic Phosphate and Sodium Ions Are Cogerminants for Spores of Clostridium perfringens Type A Food Poisoning-Related Isolates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 6299-6305 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tennant, S. M., Hartland, E. L., Phumoonna, T., Lyras, D., Rood, J. I., Robins-Browne, R. M., van Driel, I. R. (2008). Influence of Gastric Acid on Susceptibility to Infection with Ingested Bacterial Pathogens. Infect. Immun. 76: 639-645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lahti, P., Heikinheimo, A., Johansson, T., Korkeala, H. (2008). Clostridium perfringens Type A Strains Carrying a Plasmid-Borne Enterotoxin Gene (Genotype IS1151-cpe or IS1470-like-cpe) as a Common Cause of Food Poisoning. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 371-373 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, J., Sayeed, S., McClane, B. A. (2007). Prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens Isolates in Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) Area Soils and Home Kitchens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 7218-7224 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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