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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2006, p. 1330-1335, Vol. 72, No. 2
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.2.1330-1335.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Involvement of Two Specific Causes of Cell Mortality in Freeze-Thaw Cycles with Freezing to –196°C

Frédéric Dumont, Pierre-André Marechal, and Patrick Gervais*

Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Alimentaires et Biotechnologiques, ENSBANA, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France

Received 14 September 2005/ Accepted 5 December 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine cell viability after freezing. Two distinct ranges of temperature were identified as corresponding to stages at which yeast cell mortality occurred during freezing to –196°C. The upper temperature range was related to the temperature of crystallization of the medium, which was dependent on the solute concentration; in this range mortality was prevented by high solute concentrations, and the proportion of the medium in the vitreous state was greater than the proportion in the crystallized state. The lower temperature range was related to recrystallization that occurred during thawing. Mortality in this temperature range was increased by a high cooling rate and/or high solute concentration in the freezing medium and a low temperature (less than –70°C). However, a high rate of thawing prevented yeast mortality in this lower temperature range. Overall, it was found that cell viability could be conserved better under freezing conditions by increasing the osmotic pressure of the medium and by using an increased warming rate.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Alimentaires et Biotechnologiques, ENSBANA, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France. Phone: 33 (0)3 80 39 66 99. Fax: 33 (0)3 80 39 68 98. E-mail: gervais{at}u-bourgogne.fr.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2006, p. 1330-1335, Vol. 72, No. 2
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.2.1330-1335.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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