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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2006, p. 1708-1715, Vol. 72, No. 2
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.2.1708-1715.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

SHORT REPORT

Diversity of Microorganisms within Rock Varnish in the Whipple Mountains, California{dagger}

K. R. Kuhlman,1* W. G. Fusco,2 M. T. La Duc,1 L. B. Allenbach,2 C. L. Ball,2 G. M. Kuhlman,1 R. C. Anderson,1 I. K. Erickson,3 T. Stuecker,1 J. Benardini,2 J. L. Strap,2 and R. L. Crawford2

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109,1 Environmental Biotechnology Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1052,2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-30513

Received 16 February 2005/ Accepted 19 October 2005

Rock varnish from Arizona's Whipple Mountains harbors a microbial community containing about 108 microorganisms g–1 of varnish. Analyses of varnish phospholipid fatty acids and rRNA gene libraries reveal a community comprised of mostly Proteobacteria but also including Actinobacteria, eukaryota, and a few members of the Archaea. Rock varnish represents a significant niche for microbial colonization.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719. Phone: (520) 622-6300. Fax: (520) 622-8060. E-mail: kim{at}psi.edu.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2006, p. 1708-1715, Vol. 72, No. 2
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.2.1708-1715.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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