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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2006, p. 3005-3010, Vol. 72, No. 4
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.4.3005-3010.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Elevated Shear Stress Protects Escherichia coli Cells Adhering to Surfaces via Catch Bonds from Detachment by Soluble Inhibitors{dagger}

Lina M. Nilsson,1,2 Wendy E. Thomas,2 Evgeni V. Sokurenko,3 and Viola Vogel1,2*

Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland,1 Departments of Bioengineering,2 Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 981953

Received 8 December 2005/ Accepted 12 February 2006

Soluble inhibitors find widespread applications as therapeutic drugs to reduce the ability of eukaryotic cells, bacteria, or viruses to adhere to surfaces and host tissues. Mechanical forces resulting from fluid flow are often present under in vivo conditions, and it is commonly presumed that fluid flow will further add to the inhibitive effect seen under static conditions. In striking contrast, we discover that when surface adhesion is mediated by catch bonds, whose bond life increases with increased applied force, shear stress may dramatically increase the ability of bacteria to withstand detachment by soluble competitive inhibitors. This shear stress-induced protection against inhibitor-mediated detachment is shown here for the fimbrial FimH-mannose-mediated surface adhesion of Escherichia coli. Shear stress-enhanced reduction of bacterial detachment has major physiological and therapeutic implications and needs to be considered when developing and screening drugs.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Materials, Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI F443, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. Phone: 41 44 632 08 87. Fax: 41 44 632 10 73. E-mail: viola.vogel{at}mat.ethz.ch.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2006, p. 3005-3010, Vol. 72, No. 4
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.4.3005-3010.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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Copyright © 2006 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.