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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2006, p. 3600-3607, Vol. 72, No. 5
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3600-3607.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Conventional and Organic Production Practices on the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. in Poultry

Taradon Luangtongkum,1,{dagger} Teresa Y. Morishita,1* Aaron J. Ison,1 Shouxiong Huang,1,2,{ddagger} Patrick F. McDermott,3 and Qijing Zhang1,2,§

Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210,1 Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691,2 Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 207083

Received 18 June 2005/ Accepted 6 March 2006

Intestinal tracts of broilers and turkeys from 10 conventional broiler farms and 10 conventional turkey farms, where antimicrobials were routinely used, and from 5 organic broiler farms and 5 organic turkey farms, where antimicrobials had never been used, were collected and cultured for Campylobacter species. A total of 694 Campylobacter isolates from the conventional and organic poultry operations were tested for antimicrobial resistance to nine antimicrobial agents by the agar dilution method. Although Campylobacter species were highly prevalent in both the conventional and organic poultry operations, the antimicrobial resistance rates were significantly different between the organic operations and the conventional operations. Less than 2% of Campylobacter strains isolated from organically raised poultry were resistant to fluoroquinolones, while 46% and 67% of Campylobacter isolates from conventionally raised broilers and conventionally raised turkeys, respectively, were resistant to these antimicrobials. In addition, a high frequency of resistance to erythromycin (80%), clindamycin (64%), kanamycin (76%), and ampicillin (31%) was observed among Campylobacter isolates from conventionally raised turkeys. None of the Campylobacter isolates obtained in this study was resistant to gentamicin, while a large number of the isolates from both conventional and organic poultry operations were resistant to tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was observed mainly among Campylobacter strains isolated from the conventional turkey operation (81%). Findings from this study clearly indicate the influence of conventional and organic poultry production practices on antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter on poultry farms.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210. Phone: (614) 292-6924. Fax: (614) 292-4142. E-mail: morishita.1{at}osu.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henry Dunant Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

{ddagger} Present address: Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 8232, 4566 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110.

§ Present address: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, 1116 Veterinary Medicine Complex, Ames, IA 50011.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2006, p. 3600-3607, Vol. 72, No. 5
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3600-3607.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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