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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2006, p. 4648-4652, Vol. 72, No. 7
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00254-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Differential Adsorption of Occluded and Nonoccluded Insect-Pathogenic Viruses to Soil-Forming Minerals

Peter D. Christian,1 Andrew R. Richards,2 and Trevor Williams3,4*

National Institute of Standards and Biological Control, South Mimms, Herts, United Kingdom,1 CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia,2 Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,3 ECOSUR, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico4

Received 1 February 2006/ Accepted 26 April 2006

Soil represents the principal environmental reservoir of many insect-pathogenic viruses. We compared the adsorption and infectivity of one occluded and two nonoccluded viruses, Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) (Baculoviridae), Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) (Dicistroviridae), and Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV-6) (Iridoviridae), respectively, in mixtures with a selection of soil-forming minerals. The relative infective titers of HaSNPV and CrPV were unchanged or slightly reduced in the presence of different minerals compared to their titers in the absence of the mineral. In contrast, the infective titer of IIV-6 varied according to the mineral being tested. In adsorption studies, over 98% of HaSNPV occlusion bodies were adsorbed by all the minerals, and a particularly high affinity was observed with ferric oxide, attapulgite, and kaolinite. In contrast, the adsorption of CrPV and IIV-6 differed markedly with mineral type, with low affinity to bentonites and high affinity to ferric oxide and kaolinite. We conclude that interactions between soil-forming minerals and insect viruses appear to be most important in nucleopolyhedroviruses, followed by invertebrate iridescent viruses, and least important in CrPV, which may reflect the ecology of these pathogens. Moreover, soils with a high content of iron oxides or kaolinite would likely represent highly effective reservoirs for insect-pathogenic viruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Depto. de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain. Phone: 34 948 168913. Fax: 34 948 169732. E-mail: trevor.williams{at}unavarra.es.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2006, p. 4648-4652, Vol. 72, No. 7
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00254-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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