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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2006, p. 5777-5783, Vol. 72, No. 9
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00791-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Survival of Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport in Manure and Manure-Amended Soils

Youwen You,1 Shelley C. Rankin,2 Helen W. Aceto,1 Charles E. Benson,2 John D. Toth,1 and Zhengxia Dou1*

Department of Clinical Studies,1 Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 193482

Received 4 April 2006/ Accepted 16 June 2006

Salmonella enterica serovar Newport has undergone a rapid epidemic spread in dairy cattle. This provides an efficient mechanism for pathogen amplification and dissemination into the environment through manure spreading on agricultural land. The objective of this study was to determine the survival characteristics of Salmonella serovar Newport in manure and manure-amended soils where the pathogen may be amplified. A multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serovar Newport strain and a drug-susceptible (DS) strain, both bovine isolates, were inoculated into dairy manure that was incubated under constant temperature and moisture conditions alone or after being mixed with sterilized or nonsterilized soil. Salmonella serovar Newport concentrations increased by up to 400% in the first 1 to 3 days following inoculation, and a trend of steady decline followed. With manure treatment, a sharp decline in cell concentration occurred after day 35, possibly due to microbial antagonism. For all treatments, decreases in Salmonella serovar Newport concentrations over time fit a first-order kinetic model. Log reduction time was 14 to 32 days for 1 log10, 28 to 64 days for 2 log10, and 42 to 96 days for 3 log10 declines in the organisms' populations from initially inoculated concentrations. Most-probable-number monitoring data indicated that the organisms persisted for 184, 332, and 405 days in manure, manure-amended nonsterilized soil, and manure-amended sterilized soil, respectively. The MDR strain and the DS strain had similar survival patterns.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348. Phone: (610) 925-6242. Fax: (610) 925-8123. E-mail: douzheng{at}vet.upenn.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2006, p. 5777-5783, Vol. 72, No. 9
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00791-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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