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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2006, p. 5784-5789, Vol. 72, No. 9
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02979-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Copper Resistance in Enterococcus faecium, Mediated by the tcrB Gene, Is Selected by Supplementation of Pig Feed with Copper Sulfate

Henrik Hasman,1* Isabelle Kempf,2 Bérangère Chidaine,2 Roland Cariolet,3 Annette Kjær Ersbøll,4 Hans Houe,4 Hans Christian Bruun Hansen,4 and Frank Møller Aarestrup1

Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Bülowsvej 27, 1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark,1 Unité de Mycoplasmologie-Bactériologie, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France,2 Service de Production de Porcs Assainis et d'Expérimentation, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France,3 The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark4

Received 16 December 2005/ Accepted 17 June 2006

The tcr gene cluster mediates in vitro copper resistance in Enterococcus faecium. Here we describe the selection of tcr-mediated copper resistance in E. faecium in an animal feeding experiment with young pigs fed 175 mg copper/kg feed (ppm), which is the concentration commonly used for piglets in European pig production. tcr-mediated copper resistance was not selected for in a control group fed low levels of copper (6 ppm). We also show coselection of macrolide- and glycopeptide-resistant E. faecium in the animal group fed the high level of copper. Finally, we identify the tcr genes in the enterococcal species E. mundtii, E. casseliflavus, and E. gallinarum for the first time.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Bülowsvej 27, 1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark. Phone: (45) 72 34 63 47. Fax: (45) 72 34 63 41. E-mail: hha{at}dfvf.dk.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2006, p. 5784-5789, Vol. 72, No. 9
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02979-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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