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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 124-132, Vol. 73, No. 1
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01475-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Spatial and Temporal Expression of Lactobacillus plantarum Genes in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Mice{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Maria L. Marco, Roger S. Bongers, Willem M. de Vos, and Michiel Kleerebezem*

Wageningen Center for Food Sciences, NIZO food research, P.O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands

Received 27 June 2006/ Accepted 20 October 2006

Lactobacillus plantarum is a common inhabitant of mammalian gastrointestinal tracts, and L. plantarum strain WCFS1 is a human isolate with a known genome sequence. L. plantarum WCFS1 survives intestinal passage in an active form, and its transit time and transcriptional activities were monitored in 15 BALB/c mice at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after being fed a single intragastric dose of this organism. Enumeration of viable cells isolated from fecal material revealed that the majority of the L. plantarum inoculum transited the mouse intestine within 4 h after ingestion. Three mice were sacrificed at each time point, and total RNA was isolated from the mouse intestinal compartments (stomach through colon). Quantification of L. plantarum 16S rRNA by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription-PCR revealed that L. plantarum was present at elevated levels in the stomach and small intestine for at least 4 h following ingestion and for over 8 h in the cecum and colon. We also examined the expression of 9 L. plantarum housekeeping genes and 15 L. plantarum in vivo-inducible (ivi) genes previously identified by recombination-based in vivo expression technology to be induced in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. The relative expression levels of the ivi genes increased up to 350-fold in the mouse intestine compared to levels observed for L. plantarum WCFS1 cells grown in a rich laboratory medium. Moreover, several genes displayed intestinal compartment-specific (small intestine versus colon) activities. These results confirm that L. plantarum displays specific and differential responses at various sites along the mammalian intestine.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: NIZO food research, P.O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 318 659 629. Fax: 31 318 650 400. E-mail: Michiel.Kleerebezem{at}nizo.nl.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 27 October 2006.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 124-132, Vol. 73, No. 1
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01475-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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