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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 164-167, Vol. 73, No. 1
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01748-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Removal of Astrovirus from Water and Sewage Treatment Plants, Evaluated by a Competitive Reverse Transcription-PCR{triangledown}

Waled Morsy El-Senousy, Susana Guix, Islem Abid, Rosa M. Pintó, and Albert Bosch*

Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Received 25 July 2006/ Accepted 27 October 2006

Quantification of human astrovirus genogroups A and B was undertaken with sewage and water samples, collected from the Greater Cairo area in Egypt from November 1998 to October 1999, by a competitive reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with an internal control. The number of RNA copies of genogroup A/liter in quantifiable samples ranged from 3.4 x 103 to 5.6 x 106 in raw sewage and from 3.4 x 103 to 1.1 x 104 in treated effluents, while the number of infectious units per liter in these samples as determined by cell culture RT-PCR (CC-RT-PCR U/liter) ranged from 3.3 x 101 to 3.3 x 103 in raw sewage and was 3.3 x 100 in treated effluents. On the other hand, the number of RNA copies/liter in quantifiable genogroup B samples ranged from 1.1 x 104 to 8.7 x 106 in raw sewage and from 1.1 x 103 to 6.2 x 105 in treated effluents, while the number of infectious units ranged from 3.3 x 101 to 3.3 x 105 CC-RT-PCR U/liter in raw sewage and from 3.3 x 101 to 3.3 x 102 CC-RT-PCR U/liter in treated effluents. These higher numbers of both RNA copies/liter and infectious particles of genogroup B may indicate the emergence of genogroup B in the area. Additionally, genogroup B astrovirus exhibited a higher resistance to removal treatments with regard to the number of RNA copies per ml. When the equipment for real-time approaches is unavailable, a competitive PCR or RT-PCR with an internal control may be employed for virus quantification in validations of the efficiency of virus removal treatments.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Phone: 34 93 403 4620. Fax: 34 93 403 4629. E-mail: abosch{at}ub.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 3 November 2006.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 164-167, Vol. 73, No. 1
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01748-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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