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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2007, p. 3137-3143, Vol. 73, No. 10
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01307-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Enhancement of 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-Naphthoic Acid Production by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3 Fed-Batch Culture

Food Technology Research Institute, Meiji Dairies Corporation, 540 Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan,¹ Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan²

Received 8 June 2006/ Accepted 6 March 2007

The production of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) was investigated using a fed-batch culture of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3. DHNA is a precursor of menaquinone (MK) and is transformed to MK by combination with an isoprenoid unit. We found that ET-3 stopped MK production and increased DHNA production in an anaerobic fed-batch culture by maintaining the lactose concentration at approximately zero. The maximum DHNA concentration observed in the anaerobic fed-batch culture was markedly higher than the maximum DHNA concentration observed in an anaerobic batch culture. Moreover, MK or DHNA production was affected by the lactose feeding rate; this suggests that lactose metabolism participates in the syntheses of these products. On the other hand, accumulation of propionate was found to inhibit DHNA production in the fed-batch culture. Based on the fact that ET-3 increases DHNA production in an aerobic culture by consuming propionate, we carried out a cultivation experiment in which an anaerobic fed-batch culture was switched to an anaerobic batch culture and found that the DHNA production was increased to a greater extent than the DHNA production in an anaerobic fed-batch culture. These results suggest that DHNA production by ET-3 is markedly influenced by carbon source limitation and the oxygen supply.

Published ahead of print on 16 March 2007.