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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2007, p. 3605-3611, Vol. 73, No. 11
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00696-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Deformed Wing Virus Genotypes from Diverse Geographic Origins Indicates Recent Global Distribution of the Virus{triangledown}

Olga Berényi,1 Tamás Bakonyi,1,2* Irmgard Derakhshifar,3 Hemma Köglberger,3 Grazyna Topolska,4 Wolfgang Ritter,5 Hermann Pechhacker,6 and Norbert Nowotny1,7

Zoonoses and Emerging Infections Group, Clinical Virology, Clinical Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria,1 Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary,2 Institute for Apiculture, Agricultural Inspection Service and Research Centre Vienna, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety and Federal Office for Food Safety, A-1226 Vienna, Austria,3 Division of Bee Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw Agricultural University, PL-02-786 Warsaw, Poland,4 Department of Bee Pathology, CVUA-Animal Health, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany,5 Institute for Apiculture, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety and Federal Office for Food Safety, A-3293 Lunz, Austria,6 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates7

Received 27 March 2007/ Accepted 2 April 2007

Honeybees originating from 10 different countries (Austria, Poland, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, and New Zealand) located on four continents were analyzed for the presence of deformed wing virus (DWV) nucleic acid by reverse transcription-PCR. Two target regions within the DWV genome were selected for PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing, i.e., a region within the putative VP2 and VP4 structural-protein genes and a region within the RNA helicase enzyme gene. DWV nucleic acid was amplified from 34 honeybee samples representing all the above-mentioned countries with the notable exception of New Zealand. The amplification products were sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses of both genomic regions were performed independently. The phylogenetic analyses included all sequences determined in this study as well as previously published DWV sequences and the sequences of two closely related viruses, Kakugo virus (KGV) and Varroa destructor virus 1 (VDV-1). In the sequenced regions, the DWV genome turned out to be highly conserved, independent of the geographic origins of the honeybee samples: the partial sequences exhibited 98 to 99% nucleotide sequence identity. Substitutions were most frequently observed at the same positions in the various DWV sequences. Due to the high level of sequence conservation, no significant clustering of the samples in the phylogenetic trees could be identified. On the other hand, the phylogenetic analyses support a genetic segregation of KGV and VDV-1 from DWV.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Zoonoses and Emerging Infections Group, Clinical Virology, Clinical Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. Phone: 43 1 25077 2703. Fax: 43 1 25077 2790. E-mail: Tamas.Bakonyi{at}vu-wien.ac.at

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 13 April 2007.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2007, p. 3605-3611, Vol. 73, No. 11
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00696-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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