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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2007, p. 3637-3644, Vol. 73, No. 11
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02914-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Kinetics and Metabolism of Bifidobacterium adolescentis MB 239 Growing on Glucose, Galactose, Lactose, and Galactooligosaccharides

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,¹ Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,² Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy³

Received 18 December 2006/ Accepted 5 April 2007

The kinetics and the metabolism of Bifidobacterium adolescentis MB 239 growing on galactooligosaccharides (GOS), lactose, galactose, and glucose were investigated. An unstructured unsegregated model for growth in batch cultures was developed, and kinetic parameters were calculated with a recursive algorithm. The growth rate and cellular yield were highest on galactose, followed by lactose and GOS, and were lowest on glucose. Lactate, acetate, and ethanol yields allowed the calculation of carbon fluxes toward fermentation products. Distributions between two- and three-carbon products were similar on all the carbohydrates (55 and 45%, respectively), but ethanol yields were different on glucose, GOS, lactose, and galactose, in decreasing order of production. Based on the stoichiometry of the fructose-6-phosphate shunt and on the carbon distribution among the products, the ATP yield was calculated. The highest yield was obtained on galactose, while the yields were 5, 8, and 25% lower on lactose, GOS, and glucose, respectively. Therefore, a correspondence among ethanol production, low ATP yields, and low biomass production was established, demonstrating that carbohydrate preferences may result from different distributions of carbon fluxes through the fermentative pathway. During the fermentation of a GOS mixture, substrate selectivity based on the degree of polymerization was exhibited, since lactose and the trisaccharide were the first to be consumed, while a delay was observed until longer oligosaccharides were utilized. Throughout the growth on both lactose and GOS, galactose accumulated in the cultural broth, suggesting that ß(1-4) galactosides can be hydrolyzed before they are taken up.

Published ahead of print on 13 April 2007.

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