Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2007, p. 5075-5082, Vol. 73, No. 16
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/AEM.00392-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Ángeles Guevara,2,
M. Teresa Serra,2
Isabel García-Luque,2
Alfonso González-Sama,1
Mario García de Lacoba,2
M. Rosario de Felipe,1 and
Mercedes Fernández-Pascual1*
Instituto de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, CSIC, Serrano, 115-bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain,1 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maéztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain2
Received 19 February 2007/ Accepted 30 May 2007
Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus)-nodulated lupin plants caused modifications in the protein pattern of bacteroids. The most significant change was the presence of a 44-kDa polypeptide in bacteroids from plants treated with the higher doses of glyphosate employed (5 and 10 mM). The polypeptide has been characterized by the amino acid sequencing of its N terminus and the isolation and nucleic acid sequencing of its encoding gene. It is putatively encoded by a single gene, and the protein has been identified as a putative porin. Protein modeling revealed the existence of several domains sharing similarity to different porins, such as a transmembrane beta-barrel. The protein has been designated BLpp, for Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) putative porin, and would be the first porin described in Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus). In addition, a putative conserved domain of porins has been identified which consists of 87 amino acids, located in the BLpp sequence 30 amino acids downstream of the N-terminal region. In bacteroids, mRNA of the BLpp gene shows a basal constitutive expression that increases under glyphosate treatment, and the expression of the gene is seemingly regulated at the transcriptional level. By contrast, in free-living bacteria glyphosate treatment leads to an inhibition of BLpp mRNA accumulation, indicating a different effect of glyphosate on BLpp gene expression in bacteroids and free-living bacteria. The possible role of BLpp in a metabolite interchange between Bradyrhizobium and lupin is discussed.
Published ahead of print on 8 June 2007.
Present address: Department of Forest Systems and Resources, Center of Forest Research, Carretera de La Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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