This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Poschetto, L. F. Articles by Marschang, R. E. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Poschetto, L. F. Articles by Marschang, R. E. Agricola Articles by Poschetto, L. F. Articles by Marschang, R. E.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2007, p. 5494-5500, Vol. 73, No. 17
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00482-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Comparison of the Sensitivities of Noroviruses and Feline Calicivirus to Chemical Disinfection under Field-Like Conditions

Lorenza Ferrero Poschetto, Anthony Ike, Tibor Papp, Ulrich Mohn, Reinhard Böhm, and Rachel E. Marschang^*

Hohenheim University, Institut für Umwelt und Tierhygiene, Garbenstrasse 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany

Received 2 March 2007/ Accepted 26 June 2007

Noroviruses (NV), in the family Caliciviridae, are an important cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Measures for prevention and control of NV dissemination are therefore necessary to ensure public safety. The abilities of an organic acid (Venno Vet 1 Super), an aldehyde (Venno FF Super), a halogen compound (sodium hypochlorite solution), and a peroxide (Oxystrong FG) to inactivate feline calicivirus (FCV), a cultivable virus surrogate for NV, were studied. Molecular protocols were then used for the comparative evaluation of disinfectant efficacies against NV and FCV, which were tested by reproducing NV field conditions, using human fecal material as a protein load. Generally, disinfectant efficacy was strongly reduced by the organic impurities (feces) used during tests. All disinfectants, except the aldehyde, were effective on FCV, as measured by cell culture and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), with inactivation levels of 99.9%. The glutaraldehyde-based compound failed to adequately inactivate FCV according to RT-PCR results, although the infectivity in cell culture was completely abolished. Similar inactivation levels were achieved with NV, but generally NV appeared more resistant than FCV, and consequently, the suitability of FCV as a model for NV should be considered with caution. In conclusion, according to RT-PCR results, 5% Venno Vet 1 Super, 1% Oxystrong FG, and not less than 2% Venno FF Super, with a contact time of 1 h, and 1% sodium hypochlorite, with 6,000 ppm of free chlorine and a contact time of 15 min, are required for safe disinfection when a calicivirus-related outbreak is suspected.

---

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Umwelt und Tierhygiene, Hohenheim University, Garbenstr. 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Phone: 49 (0)711-459-22468. Fax: 49 (0)711-459-22431. E-mail: rachel.marschang{at}googlemail.com

Published ahead of print on 6 July 2007.

Present address: Mikrogen GmbH, Forschung ELISA, Floriansbogen 2-4, D-82061 Neuried, Germany.

---

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2007, p. 5494-5500, Vol. 73, No. 17
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00482-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Pecson, B. M., Martin, L. V., Kohn, T. (2009). Quantitative PCR for Determining the Infectivity of Bacteriophage MS2 upon Inactivation by Heat, UV-B Radiation, and Singlet Oxygen: Advantages and Limitations of an Enzymatic Treatment To Reduce False-Positive Results. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 5544-5554 [Abstract] [Full Text]