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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2007, p. 5547-5552, Vol. 73, No. 17
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02939-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Metabolite Profiles of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Grass Silage{triangledown}

Anders Broberg,1* Karin Jacobsson,2 Katrin Ström,2 and Johan Schnürer2

Department of Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,1 Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden2

Received 19 December 2006/ Accepted 28 June 2007

The metabolite production of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on silage was investigated. The aim was to compare the production of antifungal metabolites in silage with the production in liquid cultures previously studied in our laboratory. The following metabolites were found to be present at elevated concentrations in silos inoculated with LAB strains: 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid, benzoic acid, catechol, hydrocinnamic acid, salicylic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, (trans, trans)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, p-hydrocoumaric acid, vanillic acid, azelaic acid, hydroferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, hydrocaffeic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. Among these metabolites, the antifungal compounds 3-phenyllactic acid and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid were previously isolated in our laboratory from liquid cultures of the same LAB strains by bioassay-guided fractionation. It was concluded that other metabolites, e.g., p-hydrocoumaric acid, hydroferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid, were released from the grass by the added LAB strains. The antifungal activities of the identified metabolites in 100 mM lactic acid were investigated. The MICs against Pichia anomala, Penicillium roqueforti, and Aspergillus fumigatus were determined, and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid showed the lowest MIC (0.1 mg ml–1 for two of the three test organisms).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 7015, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Phone: 46 18 672217. Fax: 46 18 673392. E-mail: Anders.Broberg{at}kemi.slu.se

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 July 2007.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2007, p. 5547-5552, Vol. 73, No. 17
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02939-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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