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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 605-614, Vol. 73, No. 2
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01893-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Vulnerability of Pathogenic Biofilms to Micavibrio aeruginosavorus{triangledown}

Daniel Kadouri,1,2* Nel C. Venzon,2 and George A. O'Toole2

Department of Oral Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103,1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 037552

Received 8 August 2006/ Accepted 1 November 2006

The host specificity of the gram-negative exoparasitic predatory bacterium Micavibrio aeruginosavorus was examined. M. aeruginosavorus preyed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as previously reported, as well as Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and numerous clinical isolates of these species. In a static assay, a reduction in biofilm biomass was observed as early as 3 hours after exposure to M. aeruginosavorus, and an ~100-fold reduction in biofilm cell viability was detected following a 24-h exposure to the predator. We observed that an initial titer of Micavibrio as low as 10 PFU/well or a time of exposure to the predator as short as 30 min was sufficient to reduce a P. aeruginosa biofilm. The ability of Micavibrio to reduce an existing biofilm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. In static and flow cell experiments, M. aeruginosavorus was able to modify the overall P. aeruginosa biofilm structure and markedly decreased the viability of P. aeruginosa. The altered biofilm structure was likely caused by an increase in cell-cell interactions brought about by the presence of the predator or active predation. We also conducted a screen to identify genes important for P. aeruginosa-Micavibrio interaction, but no candidates were isolated among the ~10,000 mutants tested.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Oral Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103. Phone: (973) 972-7401. Fax: (973) 972-0045. E-mail: Kadourde{at}UMDNJ.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 10 November 2006.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 605-614, Vol. 73, No. 2
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01893-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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