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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 622-629, Vol. 73, No. 2
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01493-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Vertical Transmission of Diverse Microbes in the Tropical Sponge Corticium sp.{triangledown}

Koty H. Sharp,1,{dagger} Boreth Eam,1 D. John Faulkner,2,{ddagger} and Margo G. Haygood1,2*

Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093,1 Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 920932

Received 28 June 2006/ Accepted 4 November 2006

Sponges are host to extremely diverse bacterial communities, some of which appear to be spatiotemporally stable, though how these consistent associations are assembled and maintained from one sponge generation to the next is not well understood. Here we report that a diverse group of microbes, including both bacteria and archaea, is consistently present in aggregates within embryos of the tropical sponge Corticium sp. The major taxonomic groups represented in bacterial 16S rRNA sequences amplified from the embryos are similar to those previously described in a variety of marine sponges. Three selected bacterial taxa, representing proteobacteria, actinobacteria, and a clade including recently described sponge-associated bacteria, were tested and found to be present in all adult samples tested over a 3-year period and in the embryos throughout development. Specific probes were used in fluorescence in situ hybridization to localize cells of the three types in the embryos and mesohyl. This study confirms the vertical transmission of multiple, phylogenetically diverse microorganisms in a marine sponge, and our findings lay the foundation for future work on exploring vertical transmission of specific, yet diverse, microbial assemblages in marine sponges.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, OGI School of Science & Engineering, Mail Code OGI 100, Oregon Health & Science University, 20000 NW Walker Road, Beaverton, OR 97006-8921. Phone: (503) 748-1993. Fax: (503) 748-1464. E-mail: haygoodm{at}ebs.ogi.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 22 November 2006.

{dagger} Present address: Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949.

{ddagger} Deceased.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 622-629, Vol. 73, No. 2
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01493-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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