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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2007, p. 6370-6377, Vol. 73, No. 20
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00974-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis Spores by Liquid Biocides in the Presence of Food Residue{triangledown}

J. Hilgren,1,2* K. M. J. Swanson,1 F. Diez-Gonzalez,2 and B. Cords1

Ecolab Research, Development and Engineering, Eagan, Minnesota 55121,1 University of Minnesota, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, St. Paul, Minnesota 551082

Received 30 April 2007/ Accepted 13 August 2007

Biocide inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores in the presence of food residues after a 10-min treatment time was investigated. Spores of nonvirulent Bacillus anthracis strains 7702, ANR-1, and 9131 were mixed with water, flour paste, whole milk, or egg yolk emulsion and dried onto stainless-steel carriers. The carriers were exposed to various concentrations of peroxyacetic acid, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 10 min at 10, 20, or 30°C, after which time the survivors were quantified. The relationship between peroxyacetic acid concentration, H2O2 concentration, and spore inactivation followed a sigmoid curve that was accurately described using a four-parameter logistic model. At 20°C, the minimum concentrations of peroxyacetic acid, H2O2, and NaOCl (as total available chlorine) predicted to inactivate 6 log10 CFU of B. anthracis spores with no food residue present were 1.05, 23.0, and 0.78%, respectively. At 10°C, sodium hypochlorite at 5% total available chlorine did not inactivate more than 4 log10 CFU. The presence of the food residues had only a minimal effect on peroxyacetic acid and H2O2 sporicidal efficacy, but the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite was markedly inhibited by whole-milk and egg yolk residues. Sodium hypochlorite at 5% total available chlorine provided no greater than a 2-log10 CFU reduction when spores were in the presence of egg yolk residue. This research provides new information regarding the usefulness of peroxygen biocides for B. anthracis spore inactivation when food residue is present. This work also provides guidance for adjusting decontamination procedures for food-soiled and cold surfaces.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Ecolab Schuman Center, 655 Lone Oak Drive, Building F, Eagan, MN 55121. Phone: (651) 795-5953. Fax: (651) 204-7503. E-mail: john.hilgren{at}ecolab.com

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 24 August 2007.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2007, p. 6370-6377, Vol. 73, No. 20
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00974-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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