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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2007, p. 7138-7149, Vol. 73, No. 22
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01306-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Exploration of New Geometries in Cellulosome-Like Chimeras{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Florence Mingardon,1 Angélique Chanal,1 Chantal Tardif,1,2 Edward A. Bayer,3 and Henri-Pierre Fierobe1*

Department of Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, CNRS, IBSM, 13402 Marseille, France,1 Université de Provence, 13331 Marseille, France,2 Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel3

Received 7 June 2007/ Accepted 15 September 2007

In this study, novel cellulosome chimeras exhibiting atypical geometries and binding modes, wherein the targeting and proximity functions were directly incorporated as integral parts of the enzyme components, were designed. Two pivotal cellulosomal enzymes (family 48 and 9 cellulases) were thus appended with an efficient cellulose-binding module (CBM) and an optional cohesin and/or dockerin. Compared to the parental enzymes, the chimeric cellulases exhibited improved activity on crystalline cellulose as opposed to their reduced activity on amorphous cellulose. Nevertheless, the various complexes assembled using these engineered enzymes were somewhat less active on crystalline cellulose than the conventional designer cellulosomes containing the parental enzymes. The diminished activity appeared to reflect the number of protein-protein interactions within a given complex, which presumably impeded the mobility of their catalytic modules. The presence of numerous CBMs in a given complex, however, also reduced their performance. Furthermore, a "covalent cellulosome" that combines in a single polypeptide chain a CBM, together with family 48 and family 9 catalytic modules, also exhibited reduced activity. This study also revealed that the cohesin-dockerin interaction may be reversible under specific conditions. Taken together, the data demonstrate that cellulosome components can be used to generate higher-order functional composites and suggest that enzyme mobility is a critical parameter for cellulosome efficiency.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: UPR9036, BIP-CNRS, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France. Phone: 33-491-16-42-99. Fax: 33-491-71-33-21. E-mail: hpfierob{at}ibsm.cnrs-mrs.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 28 September 2007.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2007, p. 7138-7149, Vol. 73, No. 22
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01306-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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