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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2007, p. 7435-7442, Vol. 73, No. 22
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01143-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Mucosa-Associated Bacterial Diversity in Relation to Human Terminal Ileum and Colonic Biopsy Samples

Shakil Ahmed,¹ George T. Macfarlane,¹ Alemu Fite,¹ Andrew J. McBain,² Peter Gilbert,² and Sandra Macfarlane^1*

Dundee University Gut Group, Dundee, United Kingdom,¹ School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom²

Received 22 May 2007/ Accepted 14 September 2007

Little is known about bacterial communities that colonize mucosal surfaces in the human gastrointestinal tract, but they are believed to play an important role in host physiology. The objectives of this study were to investigate the compositions of these populations in the distal small bowel and colon. Healthy mucosal tissue from either the terminal ileum (n = 6) or ascending (n = 8), transverse (n = 8), or descending colon (n = 4) of 26 patients (age, 68.5 ± 1.2 years [mean ± standard deviation]) undergoing emergency resection of the large bowel was used to study these communities. Mucosa-associated eubacteria were characterized by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), while real-time PCR was employed for quantitative analysis. Mucosal communities were also visualized in situ using confocal laser scanning microscopy. DGGE banding profiles from all the gut regions exhibited at least 45% homology, with five descending colon profiles clustering at ca. 75% concordance. Real-time PCR showed that mucosal bacterial population densities were highest in the terminal ileum and that there were no significant differences in overall bacterial numbers in different parts of the colon. Bifidobacterial numbers were significantly higher in the large bowel than in the terminal ileum (P = 0.006), whereas lactobacilli were more prominent in the distal large intestine (P = 0.019). Eubacterium rectale (P = 0.0004) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P = 0.001) were dominant in the ascending and descending colon. Site-specific colonization in the gastrointestinal tract may be contributory in the etiology of some diseases of the large intestine.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dundee University Gut Group, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 1382 632535. Fax: 44 1382 633952. E-mail: s.macfarlane{at}dundee.ac.uk

Published ahead of print on 21 September 2007.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2007, p. 7435-7442, Vol. 73, No. 22
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01143-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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