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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2007, p. 7711-7716, Vol. 73, No. 23
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01053-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Spread of Infectious Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus by Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Feces{triangledown}

M. Ribière,* P. Lallemand, A.-L. Iscache, F. Schurr, O. Celle, P. Blanchard, V. Olivier, and J.-P. Faucon

Unité Pathologie de l'Abeille, AFSSA-LERPPRA, Sophia Antipolis, France

Received 11 May 2007/ Accepted 30 September 2007

Knowledge of the spreading mechanism of honeybee pathogens within the hive is crucial to our understanding of bee disease dynamics. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of infectious chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) in bee excreta and evaluate its possible role as an indirect route of infection. Samples of paralyzed bees were (i) produced by experimental inoculation with purified virus and (ii) collected from hives exhibiting chronic paralysis. CBPV in bee heads or feces (crude or absorbed onto paper) was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. CBPV infectivity was assessed by intrathoracic inoculation of bees with virus extracted from feces and by placement of naive bees in cages previously occupied by contaminated individuals. CBPV RNA was systematically detected in the feces of naturally and experimentally infected bees and on the paper sheets that had been used to cover the floors of units containing bees artificially infected with CBPV or the floor of one naturally infected colony. Both intrathoracic inoculation of bees with virus extracted from feces and placement of bees in contaminated cages provoked overt disease in naive bees, thereby proving that the excreted virus was infectious and that this indirect route of infection could lead to overt chronic paralysis. This is the first experimental confirmation that infectious CBPV particles excreted in the feces of infected bees can infect naive bees and provoke overt disease by mere confinement of naive bees in a soiled environment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité Pathologie de l'Abeille, AFSSA-LERPPRA, B.P. 111, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France. Phone: 33 492 943726. Fax: 33 492 943701. E-mail: m.ribiere{at}afssa.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 October 2007.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2007, p. 7711-7716, Vol. 73, No. 23
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01053-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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