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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2007, p. 7917-7925, Vol. 73, No. 24
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01620-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Survival of Indicator and Pathogenic Bacteria in Bovine Feces on Pasture

Lester W. Sinton,^* Robin R. Braithwaite, Carollyn H. Hall, and Margaret L. Mackenzie

Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd., P.O. Box 29-181, Christchurch, New Zealand

Received 16 July 2007/ Accepted 9 October 2007

The survival of enteric bacteria was measured in bovine feces on pasture. In each season, 11 cow pats were prepared from a mixture of fresh dairy cattle feces and sampled for up to 150 days. Four pats were analyzed for Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, and enterococci, and four inoculated pats were analyzed for Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica. Two pats were placed on drainage collectors, and another pat was fitted with a temperature probe. In the first 1 to 3 weeks, there were increases (up to 1.5 orders of magnitude) in the counts of enterococci (in four seasons), E. coli (three seasons), fecal streptococci (three seasons), and S. enterica (two seasons), but there was no increase in the counts of C. jejuni. Thereafter, the counts decreased, giving an average ranking of the times necessary for 90% inactivation of C. jejuni (6.2 days from deposition) < fecal streptococci (35 days) < S. enterica (38 days) < E. coli (48 days) < enterococci (56 days). The pat temperature probably influenced bacterial growth, but the pattern of increases and decreases was primarily determined by desiccation; growth occurred when the water content was greater than 80%, but at a water content of 70 to 75% counts decreased. E. coli and enterococcus regrowth appeared to result from pat rehydration. Of 20 monthly leaching losses of E. coli, 16 were <10% of the total counts in the pat, and 12 were <1%. Drainage losses of C. jejuni (generally <1%) were detected for only 1 to 2 months. Although enterococci exhibited the best survival rate, higher final counts suggested that E. coli is the more practical indicator of bovine fecal pollution.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Christchurch Science Centre, ESR, P.O. Box 29-181, Christchurch, New Zealand. Phone: 64-3-3516019. Fax: 64-3-3510010. E-mail: lester.sinton{at}esr.cri.nz

Published ahead of print on 19 October 2007.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2007, p. 7917-7925, Vol. 73, No. 24
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01620-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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