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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2007, p. 1287-1295, Vol. 73, No. 4
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01923-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Phylogenetic Analysis of the pPT23A Plasmid Family of Pseudomonas syringae{triangledown}

Zhonghua Ma,1,2,{dagger} James J. Smith,3,4 Youfu Zhao,1,2,{ddagger} Robert W. Jackson,5,§ Dawn L. Arnold,6 Jesús Murillo,7 and George W. Sundin1,2*

Department of Plant Pathology,1 Center for Microbial Ecology,2 Department of Entomology,3 Lyman Briggs School of Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,4 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom,5 Centre for Research in Plant Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom,6 Departamento de Produccion Agraria, Universidad Publica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain7

Received 11 August 2006/ Accepted 7 November 2006

The pPT23A plasmid family of Pseudomonas syringae contains members that contribute to the ecological and pathogenic fitness of their P. syringae hosts. In an effort to understand the evolution of these plasmids and their hosts, we undertook a comparative analysis of the phylogeny of plasmid genes and that of conserved chromosomal genes from P. syringae. In total, comparative sequence and phylogenetic analyses were done utilizing 47 pPT23A family plasmids (PFPs) from 16 pathovars belonging to six genomospecies. Our results showed that the plasmid replication gene (repA), the only gene currently known to be distributed among all the PFPs, had a phylogeny that was distinct from that of the P. syringae hosts of these plasmids and from those of other individual genes on PFPs. The phylogenies of two housekeeping chromosomal genes, those for DNA gyrase B subunit (gyrB) and primary sigma factor (rpoD), however, were strongly associated with genomospecies of P. syringae. Based on the results from this study, we conclude that the pPT23A plasmid family represents a dynamic genome that is mobile among P. syringae pathovars.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Michigan State University, Department of Plant Pathology, 103 CIPS, East Lansing, MI 48824. Phone: (517) 355-4573. Fax: (517) 353-5598. E-mail: sundin{at}msu.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 17 November 2006.

{dagger} Present address: Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China.

{ddagger} Present address: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 W. Gregory Ave., Urbana, IL 61801.

§ Present address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, United Kingdom.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2007, p. 1287-1295, Vol. 73, No. 4
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01923-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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