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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2007, p. 2207-2217, Vol. 73, No. 7
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01599-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Survey of Genomic Diversity among Enterococcus faecalis Strains by Microarray-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Ågot Aakra,* O. Ludvig Nyquist, Lars Snipen, Turid S. Reiersen, and Ingolf F. Nes

Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway

Received 11 July 2006/ Accepted 30 December 2006

We have compared nine Enterococcus faecalis strains with E. faecalis V583 by comparative genomic hybridization using microarrays (CGH). The strains used in this study (the "test" strains) originated from various environments. CGH is a powerful and promising tool for obtaining novel information on genome diversity in bacteria. By CGH, one obtains clues about which genes are present or divergent in the strains, compared to a reference strain (here, V583). The information obtained by CGH is important from both ecological and systematic points of view. CGH of E. faecalis showed considerable diversity in gene content: Compared to V583, the percentage of divergent genes in the test strains varied from 15% to 23%, and 154 genes were divergent in all strains. The main variation was found in regions corresponding to exogenously acquired or mobile DNA in V583. Antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and integrated plasmid genes dominated among the divergent genes. The strains examined showed various contents of genes corresponding to the pTEF1, pTEF2, and pTEF3 genes in V583. The extensive transport and metabolic capabilities of V583 appeared similar in the test strains; CGH indicated that the ability to transport and metabolize various carbohydrates was similar in the test strains (verified by API 50 CH assays). The contents of genes related to stress tolerance appeared similar in V583 and the nine test strains, supporting the view of E. faecalis as an organism able to resist harsh conditions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway. Phone: 47 6496 5894. Fax: 47 6494 1465. E-mail: agot.aakra{at}umb.no.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 January 2007.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2007, p. 2207-2217, Vol. 73, No. 7
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01599-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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