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SHORT REPORT

Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacteria Preserved in a Permafrost Ice Wedge for 25,000 Years^,

Taiki Katayama,¹ Michiko Tanaka,¹ Jun Moriizumi,² Toshio Nakamura,³ Anatoli Brouchkov,^4, Thomas A. Douglas,⁵ Masami Fukuda,⁴ Fusao Tomita,⁶ and Kozo Asano^1*

Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture,¹ Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University,⁴ Hokkaido Study Center, University of the Air, Kita-ku, Hokkaido,⁶ Graduate School of Engineering,² Center for Chronological Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Aichi-ken, Japan,³ Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Fort Wainwright, Alaska⁵

Received 21 July 2006/ Accepted 4 February 2007

Phylogenetic analysis of bacteria preserved within an ice wedge from the Fox permafrost tunnel was undertaken by cultivation and molecular techniques. The radiocarbon age of the ice wedge was determined. Our results suggest that the bacteria in the ice wedge adapted to the frozen conditions have survived for 25,000 years.

Published ahead of print on 9 February 2007.

Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Present address: Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen Scientific Center, Tyumen Oil and Gas University, Tyumen, Russia.