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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2007, p. 2832-2838, Vol. 73, No. 9
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02704-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Cometabolic Degradation of Dibenzofuran and Dibenzothiophene by a Newly Isolated Carbazole-Degrading Sphingomonas sp. Strain

Zhonghui Gai,^1,3, Bo Yu,^2,3, Li Li,³ Ying Wang,³ Cuiqing Ma,³ Jinhui Feng,³ Zixin Deng,¹ and Ping Xu^1,2,3*

Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240,¹ Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080,² State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China³

Received 20 November 2006/ Accepted 20 February 2007

A carbazole-utilizing bacterium was isolated by enrichment from petroleum-contaminated soil. The isolate, designated Sphingomonas sp. strain XLDN2-5, could utilize carbazole (CA) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Washed cells of strain XLDN2-5 were shown to be capable of degrading dibenzofuran (DBF) and dibenzothiophene (DBT). Examination of metabolites suggested that XLDN2-5 degraded DBF to 2-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-oxo-2,4-hexadienic acid and subsequently to salicylic acid through the angular dioxygenation pathway. In contrast to DBF, strain XLDN2-5 could transform DBT through the ring cleavage and sulfoxidation pathways. Sphingomonas sp. strain XLDN2-5 could cometabolically degrade DBF and DBT in the growing system using CA as a substrate. After 40 h of incubation, 90% of DBT was transformed, and CA and DBF were completely removed. These results suggested that strain XLDN2-5 might be useful in the bioremediation of environments contaminated by these compounds.

Published ahead of print on 2 March 2007.

Zhonghui Gai and Bo Yu contributed equally to this work.

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