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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2007, p. 2947-2955, Vol. 73, No. 9
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01852-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Associated with Fish and the Fish Farm Environment, Established by Amplified rRNA Gene Restriction Analysis{triangledown}

Christian Michel,1* Claire Pelletier,2 Mekki Boussaha,1 Diane-Gaëlle Douet,3 Armand Lautraite,3 and Patrick Tailliez4

Unité de Virologie et d'Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Jouy-en-Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, France,1 Laboratoire Départemental des Landes (LD40), Mont-de-Marsan, France,2 Groupement de Défense Sanitaire Aquacole d'Aquitaine, Mont-de-Marsan, France,3 Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes et Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France4

Received 4 August 2006/ Accepted 25 February 2007

Lactic acid bacteria have become a major source of concern for aquaculture in recent decades. In addition to true pathogenic species of worldwide significance, such as Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcus garvieae, several species have been reported to produce occasional fish mortalities in limited geographic areas, and many unidentifiable or ill-defined isolates are regularly isolated from fish or fish products. To clarify the nature and prevalence of different fish-associated bacteria belonging to the lactic acid bacterium group, a collection of 57 isolates of different origins was studied and compared with a set of 22 type strains, using amplified rRNA gene restriction analysis (ARDRA). Twelve distinct clusters were delineated on the basis of ARDRA profiles and were confirmed by sequencing of sodA and 16S rRNA genes. These clusters included the following: Lactococcus raffinolactis, L. garvieae, Lactococcus l., S. iniae, S. dysgalactiae, S. parauberis, S. agalactiae, Carnobacterium spp., the Enterococcus "faecium" group, a heterogeneous Enterococcus-like cluster comprising indiscernible representatives of Vagococcus fluvialis or the recently recognized V. carniphilus, V. salmoninarum, and Aerococcus spp. Interestingly, the L. lactis and L. raffinolactis clusters appeared to include many commensals of fish, so opportunistic infections caused by these species cannot be disregarded. The significance for fish populations and fish food processing of three or four genetic clusters of uncertain or complex definition, namely, Aerococcus and Enterococcus clusters, should be established more accurately.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité de Virologie et d'Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Jouy-en-Josas, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France. Phone: 33 1 34 65 25 86. Fax: 33 1 34 65 25 91. E-mail: christian.michel{at}jouy.inra.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 2 March 2007.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2007, p. 2947-2955, Vol. 73, No. 9
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01852-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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