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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2007, p. 2976-2981, Vol. 73, No. 9
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02449-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Characterization of a Latent Virus-Like Infection of Symbiotic Zooxanthellae{triangledown}

Jayme Lohr,1,2 Colin B. Munn,2 and William H. Wilson1,3*

Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom,1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom,2 Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 180 McKown Point Road, P.O. Box 475, W. Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575-04753

Received 19 October 2006/ Accepted 28 February 2007

A latent virus-like agent, which we designated zooxanthella filamentous virus 1 (ZFV1), was isolated from Symbiodinium sp. strain CCMP 2465 and characterized. Transmission electron microscopy and analytical flow cytometry revealed the presence of a new group of distinctive filamentous virus-like particles after exposure of the zooxanthellae to UV light. Examination of thin sections of the zooxanthellae revealed the formation and proliferation of filamentous virus-like particles in the UV-induced cells. Assessment of Symbiodinium sp. cultures was used here as a model to show the effects of UV irradiance and induction of potential latent viruses. The unique host-virus system described here provides insight into the role of latent infections in zooxanthellae through environmentally regulated viral induction mechanisms.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 180 McKown Point Road, P.O. Box 475, W. Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575-0475. Phone: (207) 633-9666. Fax: (207) 633-9641. E-mail: wwilson{at}bigelow.org

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 9 March 2007.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2007, p. 2976-2981, Vol. 73, No. 9
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02449-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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