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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2008, p. 3895-3898, Vol. 74, No. 12
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02470-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Free-Living Tube Worm Endosymbionts Found at Deep-Sea Vents{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Tara L. Harmer,1,{ddagger} Randi D. Rotjan,1 Andrea D. Nussbaumer,2 Monika Bright,2 Andrew W. Ng,1 Eric G. DeChaine,3 and Colleen M. Cavanaugh1*

Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,1 Marine Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria,2 Biology Department MS 9160, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, Washington 982253

Received 1 November 2007/ Accepted 7 April 2008

Recent evidence suggests that deep-sea vestimentiferan tube worms acquire their endosymbiotic bacteria from the environment each generation; thus, free-living symbionts should exist. Here, free-living tube worm symbiont phylotypes were detected in vent seawater and in biofilms at multiple deep-sea vent habitats by PCR amplification, DNA sequence analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. These findings support environmental transmission as a means of symbiont acquisition for deep-sea tube worms.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Phone: (617) 495-1138. Fax: (617) 496-6933. E-mail: cavanaug{at}fas.harvard.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 April 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Present address: Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, P.O. Box 195, Pomona, NJ 08240.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2008, p. 3895-3898, Vol. 74, No. 12
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02470-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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