This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Macinga, D. R.
Right arrow Articles by Arbogast, J. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Macinga, D. R.
Right arrow Articles by Arbogast, J. W.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Macinga, D. R.
Right arrow Articles by Arbogast, J. W.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2008, p. 5047-5052, Vol. 74, No. 16
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00487-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Improved Inactivation of Nonenveloped Enteric Viruses and Their Surrogates by a Novel Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer {triangledown}

David R. Macinga,1* Syed A. Sattar,2 Lee-Ann Jaykus,3 and James W. Arbogast1

GOJO Industries, Inc., Akron, Ohio 44311,1 Centre for Research on Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,2 Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina3

Received 28 February 2008/ Accepted 19 June 2008

Norovirus is the leading cause of food-related illness in the United States, and contamination of ready-to-eat items by food handlers poses a high risk for disease. This study reports the in vitro (suspension test) and in vivo (fingerpad protocol) assessments of a new ethanol-based hand sanitizer containing a synergistic blend of polyquaternium polymer and organic acid, which is active against viruses of public health importance, including norovirus. When tested in suspension, the test product reduced the infectivity of the nonenveloped viruses human rotavirus (HRV), poliovirus type 1 (PV-1), and the human norovirus (HNV) surrogates feline calicivirus (FCV) F-9 and murine norovirus type 1 (MNV-1) by greater than 3 log10 after a 30-s exposure. In contrast, a benchmark alcohol-based hand sanitizer reduced only HRV by greater than 3 log10 and none of the additional viruses by greater than 1.2 log10 after the same exposure. In fingerpad experiments, the test product produced a 2.48 log10 reduction of MNV-1 after a 30-s exposure, whereas a 75% ethanol control produced a 0.91 log10 reduction. Additionally, the test product reduced the infectivity titers of adenovirus type 5 (ADV-5) and HRV by ≥3.16 log10 and ≥4.32 log10, respectively, by the fingerpad assay within 15 s; and PV-1 was reduced by 2.98 log10 in 30 s by the same method. Based on these results, we conclude that this new ethanol-based hand sanitizer is a promising option for reducing the transmission of enteric viruses, including norovirus, by food handlers and care providers.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: GOJO Industries, Inc., One GOJO Plaza, Suite 500, Akron, OH 44311. Phone: (330) 255-6292. Fax: (330) 255-6115. E-mail: macingad{at}gojo.com

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 27 June 2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2008, p. 5047-5052, Vol. 74, No. 16
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00487-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»