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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2008, p. 6358-6368, Vol. 74, No. 20
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00602-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Growth Temperature Exerts Differential Physiological and Transcriptional Responses in Laboratory and Wine Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Francisco J. Pizarro,1,{ddagger} Michael C. Jewett,2,{ddagger} Jens Nielsen,2 and Eduardo Agosin1*

Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile,1 Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, BioCentrum-DTU, Building 223, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark2

Received 12 March 2008/ Accepted 11 August 2008

Laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been widely used as a model for studying eukaryotic cells and mapping the molecular mechanisms of many different human diseases. Industrial wine yeasts, on the other hand, have been selected on the basis of their adaptation to stringent environmental conditions and the organoleptic properties that they confer to wine. Here, we used a two-factor design to study the responses of a standard laboratory strain, CEN.PK113-7D, and an industrial wine yeast strain, EC1118, to growth temperatures of 15°C and 30°C in nitrogen-limited, anaerobic, steady-state chemostat cultures. Physiological characterization revealed that the growth temperature strongly impacted the biomass yield of both strains. Moreover, we found that the wine yeast was better adapted to mobilizing resources for biomass production and that the laboratory yeast exhibited higher fermentation rates. To elucidate mechanistic differences controlling the growth temperature response and underlying adaptive mechanisms between the strains, DNA microarrays and targeted metabolome analysis were used. We identified 1,007 temperature-dependent genes and 473 strain-dependent genes. The transcriptional response was used to identify highly correlated gene expression subnetworks within yeast metabolism. We showed that temperature differences most strongly affect nitrogen metabolism and the heat shock response. A lack of stress response element-mediated gene induction, coupled with reduced trehalose levels, indicated that there was a decreased general stress response at 15°C compared to that at 30°C. Differential responses among strains were centered on sugar uptake, nitrogen metabolism, and expression of genes related to organoleptic properties. Our study provides global insight into how growth temperature affects differential physiological and transcriptional responses in laboratory and wine strains of S. cerevisiae.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile. Phone: 56 2 354 4253. Fax: 56 2 354 5803. E-mail: agosin{at}ing.puc.cl

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 22 August 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

{ddagger} F.J.P. and M.C.J. contributed equally to this work.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2008, p. 6358-6368, Vol. 74, No. 20
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00602-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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