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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2008, p. 6554-6562, Vol. 74, No. 21
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01143-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Transcriptional Regulation of xyr1, Encoding the Main Regulator of the Xylanolytic and Cellulolytic Enzyme System in Hypocrea jecorina{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Astrid R. Mach-Aigner, Marion E. Pucher, Matthias G. Steiger, Gudrun E. Bauer, Sonja J. Preis, and Robert L. Mach*

Gene Technology, Department of Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166/5/2, A-1060 Vienna, Austria

Received 21 May 2008/ Accepted 28 August 2008

In Hypocrea jecorina, Xyr1 (xylanase regulator 1) is the main transcription activator of hydrolase-encoding genes, such as xyn1, xyn2, bxl1, cbh1, cbh2, egl1, and bgl1. Even though Xyr1 mediates the induction signal for all these genes derived from various inducing carbon sources and compounds, xyr1 transcription itself is not inducible by any of these substances. However, cultivation on glucose as the carbon source provokes carbon catabolite repression of xyr1 transcription mediated by Cre1. In addition, xyr1 transcription is repressed by the specific transcription factor Ace1. Moreover, Xyr1 is permanently available in the cell, and no de novo synthesis of this factor is needed for a first induction of xyn1 transcription. The constitutive expression of xyr1 leads to a significant elevation/deregulation of the xyn1, xyn2, and bxl1 transcription compared to what is seen for the parental strain. Overall, the corresponding xylanolytic enzyme activities are clearly elevated in a constitutively xyr1-expressing strain, emphasizing this factor as an auspicious target for genetically engineered strain improvement.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Gene Technology, Department of Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166/5/2, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. Phone: 43 1 58801 17251. Fax: 43 1 58801 17299. E-mail: rmach{at}mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 September 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2008, p. 6554-6562, Vol. 74, No. 21
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01143-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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