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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2008, p. 6970-6979, Vol. 74, No. 22
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01088-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Characterization of a T7-Like Lytic Bacteriophage ({phi}SG-JL2) of Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Biovar Gallinarum{triangledown}

Hyuk-Joon Kwon,1* Sun-Hee Cho,2 Tae-Eun Kim,1 Yong-Jin Won,3 Jihye Jeong,1 Se Chang Park,1 Jae-Hong Kim,1 Han-Sang Yoo,1 Yong-Ho Park,1 and Sun-Joong Kim2

Zoonotic Disease Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,1 BioPOA Co., Suwon, Korea,2 Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea3

Received 15 May 2008/ Accepted 16 September 2008

{phi}SG-JL2 is a newly discovered lytic bacteriophage infecting Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum but is nonlytic to a rough vaccine strain of serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG-9R), S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and S. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum. The {phi}SG-JL2 genome is 38,815 bp in length (GC content, 50.9%; 230-bp-long direct terminal repeats), and 55 putative genes may be transcribed from the same strand. Functions were assigned to 30 genes based on high amino acid similarity to known proteins. Most of the expected proteins except tail fiber (31.9%) and the overall organization of the genomes were similar to those of yersiniophage {phi}YeO3-12. {phi}SG-JL2 could be classified as a new T7-like virus and represents the first serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum phage genome to be sequenced. On the basis of intraspecific ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide changes (Pi[a]/Pi[s]), gene 2 encoding the host RNA polymerase inhibitor displayed Darwinian positive selection. Pretreatment of chickens with {phi}SG-JL2 before intratracheal challenge with wild-type serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum protected most birds from fowl typhoid. Therefore, {phi}SG-JL2 may be useful for the differentiation of serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum from other Salmonella serotypes, prophylactic application in fowl typhoid control, and understanding of the vertical evolution of T7-like viruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 151-742 Zoonotic Disease Institute (ZooDI), Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillimdong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. Phone: 82-2-880-1288. Fax: 82-2-880-1233. E-mail: kwonhj01{at}snu.ac.kr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 26 September 2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2008, p. 6970-6979, Vol. 74, No. 22
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01088-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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