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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2008, p. 1030-1038, Vol. 74, No. 4
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01784-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Predictive Model for Inactivation of Feline Calicivirus, a Norovirus Surrogate, by Heat and High Hydrostatic Pressure

Roman Buckow,^1, Sonja Isbarn,² Dietrich Knorr,¹ Volker Heinz,^1, and Anselm Lehmacher^2*

Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Lebensmittelbiotechnologie und -prozesstechnik, Königin-Luise-Strasse 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany,¹ Institut für Hygiene und Umwelt, Abteilung Mikrobiologischer Verbraucherschutz, Marckmannstrasse 129a, D-20539 Hamburg, Germany²

Received 1 August 2007/ Accepted 11 December 2007

Noroviruses, which are members of the Caliciviridae family, represent the leading cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in developed countries; such norovirus infections result in high economic costs for health protection. Person-to-person contact, contaminated water, and foods, especially raw shellfish, vegetables, and fruits, can transmit noroviruses. We inactivated feline calicivirus, a surrogate for the nonculturable norovirus, in cell culture medium and mineral water by heat and high hydrostatic pressure. Incubation at ambient pressure and 75°C for 2 min as well as treatment at 450 MPa and 15°C for 1 min inactivated more than 7 log₁₀ PFU of calicivirus per ml in cell culture medium or mineral water. The heat and pressure time-inactivation curves obtained with the calicivirus showed tailing in the logarithmic scale. Modeling by nth-order kinetics of the virus inactivation was successful in predicting the inactivation of the infective virus particles. The developed model enables the prediction of the calicivirus reduction in response to pressures up to 500 MPa, temperatures ranging from 5 to 75°C, and various treatment times. We suggest high pressure for processing of foods to reduce the health threat posed by noroviruses.

Published ahead of print on 21 December 2007.

Present address: Food Science Australia, 671 Sneydes Road, Private Bag 16, Werribee 3030, VIC, Australia.

Present address: Deutsches Institut für Lebensmitteltechnik, Professor-von-Klitzing-Strasse 7, D-49610 Quakenbrück, Germany.