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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2008, p. 1613-1619, Vol. 74, No. 5
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01761-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Sexual Reproduction as the Cause of Heat Resistance in the Food Spoilage Fungus Byssochlamys spectabilis (Anamorph Paecilomyces variotii){triangledown}

Jos Houbraken,1 János Varga,1 Emilia Rico-Munoz,2 Shawn Johnson,2 and Robert A. Samson1*

Department of Applied and Industrial Mycology, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands,1 BCN Research Laboratories, Inc., P.O. Box 50305, Knoxville, Tennessee 379502

Received 30 July 2007/ Accepted 22 December 2007

Paecilomyces variotii is a common cosmopolitan species that is able to spoil various food- and feedstuffs and is frequently encountered in heat-treated products. However, isolates from heat-treated products rarely form ascospores. In this study we examined by using molecular techniques and mating tests whether this species can undergo a sexual cycle and form ascospores. The population structure of this species was examined by analyzing the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 and the 5.8S rRNA gene, as well as partial β-tubulin, actin, and calmodulin gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. variotii is a highly variable species. Partition homogeneity tests revealed that P. variotii has a recombining population structure. In addition to sequence analyses, mating experiments indicated that P. variotii is able to form ascomata and ascospores in culture in a heterothallic manner. The distribution of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 genes showed a 1:1 ratio in the progeny of the mating experiments. From the sequence analyses and mating data we conclude that P. variotii is the anamorph of Talaromyces spectabilis and that it has a biallelic heterothallic mating system. Since Paecilomyces sensu stricto anamorphs group within Byssochlamys, a new combination Byssochlamys spectabilis is proposed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 (0)30 2122600. Fax: 31 (0) 30 2512097. E-mail: r.samson{at}cbs.knaw.nl

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 January 2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2008, p. 1613-1619, Vol. 74, No. 5
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01761-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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