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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2008, p. 1997-2003, Vol. 74, No. 7
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02150-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Capacity of Human Nisin- and Pediocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria To Reduce Intestinal Colonization by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci{triangledown}

Mathieu Millette,1 Gilbert Cornut,1 Claude Dupont,2 François Shareck,2 Denis Archambault,3 and Monique Lacroix1*

Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Centre, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7,1 INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7,2 Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques, C.P.8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P83

Received 19 September 2007/ Accepted 27 January 2008

This study demonstrated the capacity of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to reduce intestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a mouse model. Lactococcus lactis MM19 and Pediococcus acidilactici MM33 are bacteriocin producers isolated from human feces. The bacteriocin secreted by P. acidilactici is identical to pediocin PA-1/AcH, while PCR analysis demonstrated that L. lactis harbors the nisin Z gene. LAB were acid and bile tolerant when assayed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. A well diffusion assay using supernatants from LAB demonstrated strong activity against a clinical isolate of VRE. A first in vivo study was done using C57BL/6 mice that received daily intragastric doses of L. lactis MM19, P. acidilactici MM33, P. acidilactici MM33A (a pediocin mutant that had lost its ability to produce pediocin), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 18 days. This study showed that L. lactis and P. acidilactici MM33A increased the concentrations of total LAB and anaerobes while P. acidilactici MM33 decreased the Enterobacteriaceae populations. A second in vivo study was done using VRE-colonized mice that received the same inocula as those in the previous study for 16 days. In L. lactis-fed mice, fecal VRE levels 1.73 and 2.50 log10 CFU/g lower than those in the PBS group were observed at 1 and 3 days postinfection. In the P. acidilactici MM33-fed mice, no reduction was observed at 1 day postinfection but a reduction of 1.85 log10 CFU/g was measured at 3 days postinfection. Levels of VRE in both groups of mice treated with bacteriocin-producing LAB were undetectable at 6 days postinfection. No significant difference in mice fed the pediocin-negative strain compared to the control group was observed. This is the first demonstration that human L. lactis and P. acidilactici nisin- and pediocin-producing strains can reduce VRE intestinal colonization.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Centre, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7. Phone: (450) 687-5010, ext. 4489. Fax: (450) 686-5501. E-mail: monique.lacroix{at}iaf.inrs.ca

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 1 February 2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2008, p. 1997-2003, Vol. 74, No. 7
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02150-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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