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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2009, p. 23-28, Vol. 75, No. 1
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02199-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

UV Disinfection of Adenoviruses: Molecular Indications of DNA Damage Efficiency{triangledown}

Anne C. Eischeid,1 Joel N. Meyer,2 and Karl G. Linden3*

Duke University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Durham, North Carolina,1 Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, North Carolina,2 University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado3

Received 23 September 2008/ Accepted 21 October 2008

Adenovirus is a focus of the water treatment community because of its resistance to standard, monochromatic low-pressure (LP) UV irradiation. Recent research has shown that polychromatic, medium-pressure (MP) UV sources are more effective than LP UV for disinfection of adenovirus when viral inactivation is measured using cell culture infectivity assays; however, UV-induced DNA damage may be repaired during cell culture infectivity assays, and this confounds interpretation of these results. Objectives of this work were to study adenoviral response to both LP and MP UV using (i) standard cell culture infectivity assays and (ii) a PCR assay to directly assess damage to the adenoviral genome without introducing the virus into cell culture. LP and MP UV dose response curves were determined for (i) log inactivation of the virus in cell culture and (ii) UV-induced lesions per kilobase of viral DNA as measured by the PCR assay. Results show that LP and MP UV are equally effective at damaging the genome; MP UV is more effective at inactivating adenovirus in cell culture. This work suggests that the higher disinfection efficacy of MP UV cannot be attributed to a difference in DNA damage induction. These results enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of UV disinfection of viruses—especially double-stranded DNA viruses that infect humans—and improve the ability of the water treatment community to protect public health.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309. Phone: (303) 492-4798. Fax: (303) 492-7317. E-mail: karl.linden{at}colorado.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 31 October 2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2009, p. 23-28, Vol. 75, No. 1
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02199-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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