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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2009, p. 3206-3215, Vol. 75, No. 10
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01791-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Percolation and Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Soil Amended with Contaminated Dairy Manure or Slurry{triangledown}

Alexander V. Semenov,1* Leo van Overbeek,2 and Ariena H. C. van Bruggen1

Biological Farming Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands,1 Plant Research International B.V., Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands2

Received 3 August 2008/ Accepted 23 February 2009

The effect of cattle manure and slurry application on percolation and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was investigated for different soil depths after the addition of water. Four treatments were chosen for the first set of experiments: (i) addition of inoculated farmyard manure on the soil surface, (ii) mixing of inoculated farmyard manure with the top 10 cm of soil, (iii) addition of inoculated slurry on the soil surface, and (iv) injection of inoculated slurry into the top 10 cm of the soil. Homogeneity of water distribution in the soil profile was confirmed by a nondestructive nuclear magnetic resonance method. Survival data were fitted to a modified logistic model, and estimated survival times were compared. In the second set of experiments, pathogen-inoculated farmyard manure or slurry was applied to soil columns with 1-month-old lettuce plants. More pathogen cells percolated to greater depths after slurry than after manure application. Survival of E. coli O157:H7 was significantly longer in soil with slurry than in that with manure, while survival of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was equally high with manure and slurry. The densities of the pathogens were not different in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil with manure, while the densities were higher by 0.88 ± 0.11 and 0.71 ± 0.23 log CFU per g (dry weight), respectively, in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil after slurry application. Our results suggest that surface application of manure may decrease the risk of contamination of groundwater and lettuce roots compared to injection of slurry.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biological Farming Systems Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Center, Marijkeweg 22, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 317 484662. Fax: 31 317 478213. E-mail: A.V.Semenov{at}rug.nl

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 March 2009.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2009, p. 3206-3215, Vol. 75, No. 10
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01791-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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