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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2009, p. 3634-3640, Vol. 75, No. 11
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02317-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Phylogenetic Analysis Indicates Evolutionary Diversity and Environmental Segregation of Marine Podovirus DNA Polymerase Gene Sequences{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Jessica M. Labonté,1 Karen E. Reid,2 and Curtis A. Suttle1,2,3*

Departments of Microbiology and Immunology,1 Earth and Ocean Sciences,2 Botany, University of British Columbia, 1461 BioSciences, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada3

Received 8 October 2008/ Accepted 31 March 2009

The distribution of viral genotypes in the ocean and their evolutionary relatedness remain poorly constrained. This paper presents data on the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of 1.2-kb DNA polymerase (pol) gene fragments from podoviruses. A newly designed set of PCR primers was used to amplify DNA directly from coastal sediment and water samples collected from inlets adjacent to the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada, and from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 160 cloned PCR products revealed 29 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with OTUs within a site typically being more similar than those among sites. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA pol gene fragments demonstrated high similarity between some environmental sequences and sequences from the marine podoviruses roseophage SIO1 and cyanophage P60, while others were not closely related to sequences from cultured phages. Interrogation of the CAMERA database for sequences from metagenomics data demonstrated that the amplified sequences were representative of the diversity of podovirus pol sequences found in marine samples. Our results indicate high genetic diversity within marine podovirus communities within a small geographic region and demonstrate that the diversity of environmental polymerase gene sequences for podoviruses is far more extensive than previously recognized.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, 1461 BioSciences, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Phone: (604) 822-8610. Fax: (604) 822-6091. E-mail: csuttle{at}eos.ubc.ca

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 10 April 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2009, p. 3634-3640, Vol. 75, No. 11
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02317-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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