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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2009, p. 3963-3971, Vol. 75, No. 12
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/AEM.02793-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Different Fecal Microbiotas and Volatile Organic Compounds in Treated and Untreated Children with Celiac Disease
,
Raffaella Di Cagno,1
Carlo G. Rizzello,1
Francesca Gagliardi,2
Patrizia Ricciuti,3
Maurice Ndagijimana,4
Ruggiero Francavilla,2
M. Elisabetta Guerzoni,4
Carmine Crecchio,3
Marco Gobbetti,1 and
Maria De Angelis1*
Department of Plant Protection and Applied Microbiology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy,1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy,2 Department of Biologia e Chimica Agro-Forestale ed Ambientale, University of Bari, Bari, Italy,3 Department of Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy4
Received 9 December 2008/ Accepted 6 April 2009
This study aimed at investigating the fecal microbiotas of children with celiac disease (CD) before (U-CD) and after (T-CD) they were fed a gluten-free diet and of healthy children (HC). Brothers or sisters of T-CD were enrolled as HC. Each group consisted of seven children. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis with V3 universal primers revealed a unique profile for each fecal sample. PCR-DGGE analysis with group- or genus-specific 16S rRNA gene primers showed that the Lactobacillus community of U-CD changed significantly, while the diversity of the Lactobacillus community of T-CD was quite comparable to that of HC. Compared to HC, the ratio of cultivable lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium to Bacteroides and enterobacteria was lower in T-CD and even lower in U-CD. The percentages of strains identified as lactobacilli differed as follows: HC (ca. 38%) > T-CD (ca. 17%) > U-CD (ca. 10%). Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus rossiae, and Lactobacillus pentosus were identified only in fecal samples from T-CD and HC. Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus gasseri were identified only in several fecal samples from HC. Compared to HC, the composition of Bifidobacterium species of T-CD varied, and it varied even more for U-CD. Forty-seven volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to different chemical classes were identified using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry-solid-phase microextraction analysis. The median concentrations varied markedly for HC, T-CD, and U-CD. Overall, the r2 values for VOC data for brothers and sisters were equal to or lower than those for unrelated HC and T-CD. This study shows the effect of CD pathology on the fecal microbiotas of children.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante e Microbiologia Applicata, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy. Phone: 39 080 5442949. Fax: 39 080 5442911. E-mail: m.deangelis{at}agr.uniba.it
Published ahead of print on 17 April 2009.
Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2009, p. 3963-3971, Vol. 75, No. 12
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/AEM.02793-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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