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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2009, p. 4254-4263, Vol. 75, No. 13
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00316-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Increased Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Long-Term Field Experiment via Application of Organic Amendments to a Semiarid Degraded Soil{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Maria del Mar Alguacil,* Elvira Díaz-Pereira, Fuensanta Caravaca, Diego A. Fernández, and Antonio Roldán

CSIC—Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain

Received 9 February 2009/ Accepted 28 April 2009

In this study, we tested whether communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with roots of plant species forming vegetative cover as well as some soil parameters (amounts of phosphatase and glomalin-related soil protein, microbial biomass C and N concentrations, amount of P available, and aggregate stability) were affected by different amounts (control, 6.5 kg m–2, 13.0 kg m–2, 19.5 kg m–2, and 26.0 kg m–2) of an urban refuse (UR) 19 years after its application to a highly eroded, semiarid soil. The AM fungal small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes were subjected to PCR, cloning, single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. One hundred sixteen SSU rRNA sequences were analyzed, and nine AM fungal types belonging to Glomus groups A and B were identified: three of them were present in all the plots that had received UR, and six appeared to be specific to certain amendment doses. The community of AM fungi was more diverse after the application of the different amounts of UR. The values of all the soil parameters analyzed increased proportionally with the dose of amendment applied. In conclusion, the application of organic wastes enhanced soil microbial activities and aggregation, and the AM fungal diversity increased, particularly when a moderate dose of UR (13.0 kg m–2) was applied.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: CSIC—Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. Phone: 34-968-396337. Fax: 34-968-396213. E-mail: mmalguacil{at}cebas.csic.es

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 8 May 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2009, p. 4254-4263, Vol. 75, No. 13
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00316-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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