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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2009, p. 5284-5289, Vol. 75, No. 16
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00456-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Dead-End Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration for Recovery of Diverse Microbes from Water{triangledown}

Carmela M. Smith1,2 and Vincent R. Hill1*

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne and Enteric Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia,1 Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia2

Received 24 February 2009/ Accepted 18 June 2009

Dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) is an alternative approach to tangential-flow hollow-fiber ultrafiltration that can be readily employed under field conditions to recover microbes from water. The hydraulics of DEUF and microbe recovery for a new DEUF method were investigated using 100-liter tap water samples. Pressure, flow rate, and temperature were investigated using four hollow-fiber ultrafilter types. Based on hydraulic performance, the Asahi Kasei REXEED 25S ultrafilter was selected for microbe recovery experiments. Microbe recovery experiments were performed using MS2 bacteriophage, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens spores, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Microbes were recovered from ultrafilters by backflushing using a surfactant solution. Average flow rates were 2.1 liters/min for 100-liter water samples having turbidities of 0.28 to 4.3 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), and no evidence of appreciable filter clogging was observed. The DEUF average recovery efficiencies for each study analyte in tap water were as follows: for E. faecalis, 93% ± 16%; for MS2, 57% ± 7.7%; for C. perfringens spores, 94% ± 22%; and for C. parvum, 87% ± 18%. Average microbe recoveries for tap water amended with surface water (average turbidity = 4.3 NTU) were as follows: for E. faecalis, 78% ± 12%; for MS2, 73% ± 13%; for C. perfringens, 57% ± 21%; and for C. parvum, 83% ± 21%. These data demonstrate that DEUF is an effective method for recovering diverse microbes from water and should be a useful tool for field-based environmental investigations.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724. Phone: (770) 488-4432. Fax: (770) 488-4253. E-mail: vhill{at}cdc.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 26 June 2009.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2009, p. 5284-5289, Vol. 75, No. 16
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00456-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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