This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bachmann, H.
Right arrow Articles by van Hylckama Vlieg, J. E. T.
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Bachmann, H.
Right arrow Articles by van Hylckama Vlieg, J. E. T.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Bachmann, H.
Right arrow Articles by van Hylckama Vlieg, J. E. T.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2009, p. 5687-5694, Vol. 75, No. 17
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00919-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Regulatory Phenotyping Reveals Important Diversity within the Species Lactococcus lactis{triangledown}

Herwig Bachmann,1,2 Marjo J. C. Starrenburg,1,2 Annereinou Dijkstra,1 Douwe Molenaar,1,2,3 Michiel Kleerebezem,1,2,4* Jan L. W. Rademaker,1 and Johan E. T. van Hylckama Vlieg1,2,5

NIZO food research, P.O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands,1 Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Delft, The Netherlands,2 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Systems Bioinformatics IBIVU, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands,3 Wageningen University, Laboratory for Microbiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands,4 Danone Research, Gut and Microbiology Platform, R.D. 128, 91767 Palaiseau Cedex, France5

Received 23 April 2009/ Accepted 3 July 2009

The diversity in regulatory phenotypes among a collection of 84 Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from dairy and nondairy origin was explored. The specific activities of five enzymes were assessed in cell extracts of all strains grown in two different media, a nutritionally rich broth and a relatively poor chemically defined medium. The five investigated enzymes, branched chain aminotransferase (BcaT), aminopeptidase N (PepN), X-prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase (PepX), alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid dehydrogenase (HicDH), and esterase, are involved in nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism and catalyze key steps in the production of important dairy flavor compounds. The investigated cultures comprise 75 L. lactis subsp. lactis isolates (including 7 L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis isolates) and 9 L. lactis subsp. cremoris isolates. All L. lactis subsp. cremoris and 22 L. lactis subsp. lactis (including 6 L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis) cultures originated from a dairy environment. All other cultures originated from (fermented) plant materials and were isolated at different geographic locations. Correlation analysis of specific enzyme activities revealed significantly different regulatory phenotypes for dairy and nondairy isolates. The enzyme activities in the two investigated media were in general poorly correlated and revealed a high degree of regulatory diversity within this collection of closely related strains. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the most extensive diversity analysis of regulatory phenotypes within a single bacterial species to date. The presented findings underline the importance of the availability of screening procedures for, e.g., industrially relevant enzyme activities in models closely mimicking application conditions. Moreover, they corroborate the notion that regulatory changes are important drivers of evolution.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: NIZO food research, P.O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 318659511. Fax: 31 318650400. E-mail: Michiel.Kleerebezem{at}nizo.nl

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 10 July 2009.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2009, p. 5687-5694, Vol. 75, No. 17
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00919-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Bachmann, H., Kruijswijk, Z., Molenaar, D., Kleerebezem, M., van Hylckama Vlieg, J. E. T. (2009). A high-throughput cheese manufacturing model for effective cheese starter culture screening. J DAIRY SCI 92: 5868-5882 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»