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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2009, p. 6322-6330, Vol. 75, No. 19
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02862-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Influence of Vegetation on the In Situ Bacterial Community and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Degraders in Aged PAH-Contaminated or Thermal-Desorption-Treated Soil{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Aurélie Cébron,1* Thierry Beguiristain,1 Pierre Faure,2 Marie-Paule Norini,1 Jean-François Masfaraud,3 and Corinne Leyval1

LIMOS, Nancy Université, CNRS UMR 7137, Faculté des Sciences, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France,1 G2R, Nancy-Université, CNRS UMR 7566, Faculté des Sciences, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France,2 LIEBE, Université Paul Verlaine-Metz, CNRS UMR 7146, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France3

Received 17 December 2008/ Accepted 20 July 2009

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, bacterial community, and PAH-degrading bacteria were monitored in aged PAH-contaminated soil (Neuves-Maisons [NM] soil; with a mean of 1,915 mg of 16 PAHs·kg–1 of soil dry weight) and in the same soil previously treated by thermal desorption (TD soil; with a mean of 106 mg of 16 PAHs·kg–1 of soil dry weight). This study was conducted in situ for 2 years using experimental plots of the two soils. NM soil was colonized by spontaneous vegetation (NM-SV), planted with Medicago sativa (NM-Ms), or left as bare soil (NM-BS), and the TD soil was planted with Medicago sativa (TD-Ms). The bacterial community density, structure, and diversity were estimated by real-time PCR quantification of the 16S rRNA gene copy number, temporal thermal gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting, and band sequencing, respectively. The density of the bacterial community increased the first year during stabilization of the system and stayed constant in the NM soil, while it continued to increase in the TD soil during the second year. The bacterial community structure diverged among all the plot types after 2 years on site. In the NM-BS plots, the bacterial community was represented mainly by Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. The presence of vegetation (NM-SV and NM-Ms) in the NM soil favored the development of a wider range of bacterial phyla (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi) that, for the most part, were not closely related to known bacterial representatives. Moreover, under the influence of the same plant, the bacterial community that developed in the TD-Ms was represented by different bacterial species (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria) than that in the NM-Ms. During the 2 years of monitoring, the PAH concentration did not evolve significantly. The abundance of gram-negative (GN) and gram-positive (GP) PAH-degrading bacteria was estimated by real-time PCR quantification of specific functional genes encoding the {alpha} subunit of PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (PAH-RHD{alpha}). The percentage of the PAH-RHD{alpha} GN bacterial genes relative to 16S rRNA gene density decreased with time in all the plots. The GP PAH-RHD{alpha} bacterial gene proportion decreased in the NM-BS plots but stayed constant or increased under vegetation influence (NM-SV, NM-Ms, and TD-Ms).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: LIMOS, Nancy Université, CNRS UMR 7137, Faculté des Sciences, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France. Phone: 33 3 83684296. Fax: 33 3 83684284. E-mail: aurelie.cebron{at}limos.uhp-nancy.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 24 July 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2009, p. 6322-6330, Vol. 75, No. 19
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02862-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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