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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2009, p. 308-315, Vol. 75, No. 2
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01739-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Tree Species and Mycorrhizal Colonization on the Archaeal Population of Boreal Forest Rhizospheres{triangledown}

Malin Bomberg* and Sari Timonen

Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology and Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Received 29 July 2008/ Accepted 23 October 2008

Group 1.1c Crenarchaeota are the predominating archaeal group in acidic boreal forest soils. In this study, we show that the detection frequency of 1.1c crenarchaeotal 16S rRNA genes in the rhizospheres of the boreal forest trees increased following colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus. This effect was very clear in the fine roots of Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, and Betula pendula, the most common forest trees in Finland. The nonmycorrhizal fine roots had a clearly different composition of archaeal 16S rRNA genes in comparison to the mycorrhizal fine roots. In the phylogenetic analysis, the 1.1c crenarchaeotal 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from the fine roots formed a well-defined cluster separate from the mycorrhizal ones. Alnus glutinosa differed from the other trees by having high diversity and detection levels of Crenarchaeota both on fine roots and on mycorrhizas as well as by harboring a distinct archaeal flora. The similarity of the archaeal populations in rhizospheres of the different tree species was increased upon colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus. A minority of the sequences obtained from the mycorrhizas belonged to Euryarchaeota (order Halobacteriales).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Phone: 358 9 191 59276. Fax: 358 9 191 59 233. E-mail: malin.bomberg{at}helsinki.fi

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 31 October 2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2009, p. 308-315, Vol. 75, No. 2
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01739-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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