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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2009, p. 6422-6430, Vol. 75, No. 20
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00228-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Investigation of Associations of Yarrowia lipolytica, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Lactococcus lactis in Culture as a First Step in Microbial Interaction Analysis{triangledown} ,{dagger}

S. Mansour,1,{ddagger} J. Bailly,1,{ddagger} S. Landaud,1 C. Monnet,1 A. S. Sarthou,1 M. Cocaign-Bousquet,2 S. Leroy,3 F. Irlinger,1 and P. Bonnarme1*

Agro Paris Tech-INRA, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France,1 UMR 5504, UMR 792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 31400 Toulouse, France,2 INRA, Centre de Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, Unité Microbiologique, Qualité et Sécurité des Aliments, 63122 Saint-Genès Champenelle, France3

Received 30 January 2009/ Accepted 10 August 2009

The interactions that may occur between microorganisms in different ecosystems have not been adequately studied yet. We investigated yeast-bacterium interactions in a synthetic medium using different culture associations involving the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 1E07 and two bacteria, Staphylococcus xylosus C2a and Lactococcus lactis LD61. The growth and biochemical characteristics of each microorganism in the different culture associations were studied. The expression of genes related to glucose, lactate, and amino acid catabolism was analyzed by reverse transcription followed by quantitative PCR. Our results show that the growth of Y. lipolytica 1E07 is dramatically reduced by the presence of S. xylosus C2a. As a result of a low amino acid concentration in the medium, the expression of Y. lipolytica genes involved in amino acid catabolism was downregulated in the presence of S. xylosus C2a, even when L. lactis was present in the culture. Furthermore, the production of lactate by both bacteria had an impact on the lactate dehydrogenase gene expression of the yeast, which increased up to 30-fold in the three-species culture compared to the Y. lipolytica 1E07 pure culture. S. xylosus C2a growth dramatically decreased in the presence of Y. lipolytica 1E07. The growth of lactic acid bacteria was not affected by the presence of S. xylosus C2a or Y. lipolytica 1E07, although the study of gene expression showed significant variations.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Agro Paris Tech-INRA, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. Phone: 33 (0)1 30 81 53 88. Fax: 33 (0)1 30 81 55 97. E-mail: bonnarme{at}grignon.inra.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 14 August 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

{ddagger} S.M. and J.B. contributed equally to this article.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2009, p. 6422-6430, Vol. 75, No. 20
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00228-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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