This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Nuryastuti, T.
Right arrow Articles by Krom, B. P.
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Nuryastuti, T.
Right arrow Articles by Krom, B. P.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Nuryastuti, T.
Right arrow Articles by Krom, B. P.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2009, p. 6850-6855, Vol. 75, No. 21
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00875-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Cinnamon Oil on icaA Expression and Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis{triangledown}

Titik Nuryastuti,1,2 Henny C. van der Mei,1 Henk J. Busscher,1 Susi Iravati,2 Abu T. Aman,2 and Bastiaan P. Krom1*

Department of BioMedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia2

Received 17 April 2009/ Accepted 6 September 2009

Staphylococcus epidermidis is notorious for its biofilm formation on medical devices, and novel approaches to prevent and kill S. epidermidis biofilms are desired. In this study, the effect of cinnamon oil on planktonic and biofilm cultures of clinical S. epidermidis isolates was evaluated. Initially, susceptibility to cinnamon oil in planktonic cultures was compared to the commonly used antimicrobial agents chlorhexidine, triclosan, and gentamicin. The MIC of cinnamon oil, defined as the lowest concentration able to inhibit visible microbial growth, and the minimal bactericidal concentration, the lowest concentration required to kill 99.9% of the bacteria, were determined using the broth microdilution method and plating on agar. A checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the possible synergy between cinnamon oil and the other antimicrobial agents. The effect of cinnamon oil on biofilm growth was studied in 96-well plates and with confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM). Biofilm susceptibility was determined using a metabolic 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Real-time PCR analysis was performed to determine the effect of sub-MIC concentrations of cinnamon oil on expression of the biofilm-related gene, icaA. Cinnamon oil showed antimicrobial activity against both planktonic and biofilm cultures of clinical S. epidermidis strains. There was only a small difference between planktonic and biofilm MICs, ranging from 0.5 to 1% and 1 to 2%, respectively. CLSM images indicated that cinnamon oil is able to detach and kill existing biofilms. Thus, cinnamon oil is an effective antimicrobial agent to combat S. epidermidis biofilms.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of BioMedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-50-3633160. Fax: 31-50-3633159. E-mail: b.p.krom{at}med.umcg.nl

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 September 2009.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2009, p. 6850-6855, Vol. 75, No. 21
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00875-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»