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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2009, p. 6896-6899, Vol. 75, No. 21
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00450-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Biogenic Formation of As-S Nanotubes by Diverse Shewanella Strains ^,

Shenghua Jiang,^1, Ji-Hoon Lee,^1,, Min-Gyu Kim,³ Nosang V. Myung,⁴ James K. Fredrickson,⁵ Michael J. Sadowsky,⁶ and Hor-Gil Hur^1,2*

Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,¹ International Environmental Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea,² Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea,³ Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521,⁴ Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352,⁵ Department of Soil, Water, and Climate and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108⁶

Received 23 February 2009/ Accepted 22 August 2009

Shewanella sp. strain HN-41 was previously shown to produce novel, photoactive, As-S nanotubes via the reduction of As(V) and S₂O₃^2– under anaerobic conditions. To determine if this ability was unique to this bacterium, 10 different Shewanella strains, including Shewanella sp. strain HN-41, Shewanella sp. strain PV-4, Shewanella alga BrY, Shewanella amazonensis SB2B, Shewanella denitrificans OS217, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Shewanella putrefaciens CN-32, S. putrefaciens IR-1, S. putrefaciens SP200, and S. putrefaciens W3-6-1, were examined for production of As-S nanotubes under standardized conditions. Of the 10 strains examined, three formed As-S nanotubes like those of strain HN-41. While Shewanella sp. strain HN-41 and S. putrefaciens CN-32 rapidly formed As-S precipitates in 7 days, strains S. alga BrY and S. oneidensis MR-1 reduced As(V) at a much lower rate and formed yellow As-S after 30 days. Electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy analyses showed that the morphological and chemical properties of As-S formed by strains S. putrefaciens CN-32, S. alga BrY, and S. oneidensis MR-1 were similar to those previously determined for Shewanella sp. strain HN-41 As-S nanotubes. These studies indicated that the formation of As-S nanotubes is widespread among Shewanella strains and is closely related to bacterial growth and the reduction rate of As(V) and thiosulfate.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-62-970-2437. Fax: 82-62-970-2434. E-mail: hghur{at}gist.ac.kr

Published ahead of print on 28 August 2009.

Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

S.J. and J.-H.L. contributed equally to this work.

Present address: Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2009, p. 6896-6899, Vol. 75, No. 21
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00450-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.